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blending of raw materials in oil refineries.sports events and their television coverage.
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network data traffici.e queing models or queing system.managing freight transportation and delivery systems (Examples: LTL Shipping, intermodal freight transport).managing the flow of raw materials and products in a supply chain based on uncertain demand for the finished products.designing the layout of a computer chip to reduce manufacturing time (therefore reducing cost).determining the routes of school buses so that as few buses are needed as possible.road traffic management and 'one way' street allocations i.e allocation problems.constructing a telecommunications network at low cost while still guaranteeing quality service if particular connections become very busy or get damaged.designing the layout of a factory for efficient flow of materials.Like any other tools, OR techniques cannot solve problems by themselves.Ī few examples of applications in which operations research is currently used include the following: For this and other reasons, the human element of OR is vital. An operations researcher faced with a new problem is expected to determine which techniques are most appropriate given the nature of the system, the goals for improvement, and constraints on time and computing power. Operations research is distinguished by its ability to look at and improve an entire system, rather than concentrating only on specific elements (though this is often done as well). Because of the computational nature of these fields OR also has ties to computer science, and operations researchers regularly use custom-written or off-the-shelf software. Some of the primary tools used by operations researchers are statistics, optimization, stochastics, queueing theory, game theory, graph theory, and simulation. Industrial engineering takes more of an engineering point of view, and industrial engineers typically consider OR techniques to be a major part of their toolset. Operations research also closely relates to industrial engineering. When a distinction is drawn, management science generally implies a closer relationship to the problems of business management. The terms operations research and management science are often used synonymously.